The substances, excreted in the culture medium, were extracted with nbutanol. A portion of the structure of rigidoporus lignosus laccase is sensitive to high temperatures, which leads to the loss of enzyme activity. White root rot caused by rigidoporus lignosus klotzsch imazeki is known to be widely distributed in africa where its pernicious effects in natural rubber plantations have been recorded. Coast where rigidoporus lignosus and phellinus noxius, two soilliving fungi, are responsible of root rot diseases nandris et al. Colonization of rubber seed coat by rhizomorph of rigidoporus lignosus. Our primary objective was to characterize nigerian isolates from rubber tree and compare them with other west african, southeast asian and american isolates. Makalah mikrobiologi ii makalah jamur penyebab penyakit. Purification and study of the antibiotic substances produced bylentinus squarrosulus have been carried out.
The infective fungal organism of the white root rot disease is rigidoporus lignosus klotzsch imazeki. The basidiomycete rigidoporus microporus is a fungus that causes the white rot disease of the tropical rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis, the major source of commercial natural rubber. Although the annual incidence may be low, the accumulated losses from spread to adjacent trees may result in large vacant patches. Recent studies have of both host aggression peries et al. The role of the basidiospores of rigidoporus lignosus in the spread of white root disease of hevea. Ultrastructure of laticifers modifications in hevea. Rigidoporus lignosus klotzsch imazeki is considered to be one of the most destructive diseases and is responsible for yield losses up to 50% in the older plantations 30. Lignosus rhinocerus cooke ryvarden is also known as cendawan susu rimau in malay language or tigers milk mushroom in english. Pdf variation in virulence among rigidoporus lignosus. The saprotrophic wooddegrading abilities of rigidoporus.
Common on rubber where it destroys the tap root so that diseased trees are easily blown over. The fruiting bodies are white, knobbly and relatively hard, requiring a fair amount of force to break. Antifungal activities of essential oils againstrigidoporus. Ultrastructural localization rigidoporus lignosus, tree roots. Estimating the delay between host infection and disease.
Rigidoporus lignosus is the most important pathogen of rubber tree which causes white root rot disease. Rigidoporus lignosus klotzsch imazcommonly called white root rot is the pathogen most feared by planters throughout the rubbergrowing regions of the world. The brown root rot disease phellinus noxius cornercunn. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Arg plantations liyanage 1997 where it causes white rot disease wrd.
A number of their physicochemical properties have been determined. Effects of white root rot disease on hevea brasiliensis. Rigidoporus lignosus is the most destructive root pathogen of rubber plantations distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Garavaglia s1, cambria mt, miglio m, ragusa s, iacobazzi v, palmieri f, dambrosio c, scaloni a, rizzi m. Cytochemical aspects of cellulose breakdown during the. Genetic algorithm ga was used for screening for the best possible conformers among blind docking. Ultrastructural localization of chitin in cell walls of. Pdf distribution of rigidoporus lignosus genotypes in a. The structure of rigidoporus lignosus laccase containing a. The structure and thermal stability of a laccase from rigidoporus lignosus rl was analysed by fouriertransform infrared ftir spectroscopy. White root disease is by far the most serious among the three major root diseases of rubber. The substances, excreted in the culture medium, were extracted withnbutanol.
General information about rigidoporus microporus rigili. Effects of white root rot disease on hevea brasiliensis muell. Pdf comparison of three fungal laccases from rigidoporus. Several crystal structures of laccases from fungi and bacteria are available, but ascomycete types of. They demonstrate indirectly the implication of cellulases in the decay process and give more insight into the role cellulose degradation plays in white rot pathogenesis by r. Crystal structure of an ascomycete fungal laccase from. Small root fragments were then excised and fixed again for 1 h with glutaraldehyde, post.
The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate fungal growth inhibition at various. Two polyclonal sera were produced against soluble mycelial proteins of twor. The aim of these studies is to develop a method for early detection ofrigidopoms lignosus basidiomycete, polyporaceae, the causative agent of white root disease of rubber tree. In vitro interactions between rigidoporus lignosus, the cause of white root disease of rubber and some potentially antagonistic fungi. Phyto81n11 1412 american phytopathological society. Distribution of rigidoporus lignosus genotypes in a rubber plantation, as revealed by somatic compatibility article pdf available in mycoscience 451. Espesye sa uhong sakop sa division nga basidiomycota ang rigidoporus microporus.
We obtained structural and functional characterization of a recombinant laccase from rigidoporus lignosus formerly rigidoporus microporus, a white. Ang rigidoporus microporus sakop sa kahenera nga rigidoporus sa kabanay nga meripilaceae. Cookies are small text files that contain a string of characters and uniquely identifies a browser. Fungal sheaths had a dense or loose fibrillar appearance and were differentiated from the fungal cell wall. Rigidoporus microporus polyporales, basidiomycota syn. The butanolic extract inhibited growth ofrigidopurus lignosus, the agent of white rot ofhevea brasiliensis, and also ofmucor ramannianus, rhodotorula mucilaginosa, saccharomyces cerevisiae, andbacillus.
During the spread phase, the mycelium runs along the lateral roots to reach the taproot. Una ning gihulagway ni olof swartz, ug nga gihatagan sa eksakto nga ngalan ni casper van overeem ni adtong 1924. Control of white root rot disease in rubber plantations in. Biologi and control of white root disease of hevea rubber. Most of the information here concerns durio zibethinus, the major commercial species, but a dozen species in the genus durio are edible durians, and several of those are also grown. Rigidoporus lignosus klotzsch imazeki, the causal agent of white root rot, was first reported on rubber in 1904 from botanical gardens, singapore. Challenges and control approach 141 geiger et al 1986 showed that r. Immunocytochemical localization of laccase l1 in wood decayed by rigidoporus lignosus. Rigidoporus lignosus is the most eco nomically important pathogen of tropical rubber.
Lignin degradation by rigidoporus lignosus involves synergistic action of two oxidizing enzymes. The specificity of the antisera was tested using isoelectric. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil contoh tanah dari tanaman karet dan. Basidium pendek buntak, lebih kurang 16 x 4,55,0 m, tidak berwarna, mempunyai empat sterigma tangkai basidiospora. Root disease fungi such as rigidoporus wood blocks in each plastic bag. Tiger milk mushroom is regarded as a medicinal mushroom with the ability to treat numerous ailments. A national treasure mushroom, lignosus rhinocerus, has been used to treat variety of ailments by local and indigenous communities in malaysia. Here we report the optimization of expression and purification procedures of a recombinant laccase expressed in supercompetent. It belongs to the order basidiomycete, and in the family polyporaceae. An ultrastructural and cytochemical investigation of the development of rigidoporus lignosus, a whiterot fungus inoculated into wood blocks, was carried out to gain better insight into the structure and role of the extracellular sheaths produced by this fungus during wood degradation. Biological control of rigidoporus lignosus in hevea.
Structureactivity relationship on fungal laccase from. Rigidoporus lignosus klotzsch imazeki, bulletin of the government forest experimental station meguro 57. The enzyme was depleted of copper atoms, then part of the apoenzyme was remetalled and these two forms of the protein were analysed as well. There is almost no genomic or transcriptomic information on. Investigations were conducted to evaluate the antifungal activities of the essential oils of eucalyptus saligna, cymbopogon citratus and cupressus lusitanica collected from the locality of dschang, west region of cameroon against rigidoporus lignosus clone gt1 causative agent of root rubber trees rot.
Lignosus rhinocerus, commonly known as tiger milk mushroom, belongs to family polyporaceae in the division basidiomycota. The structure of rigidoporus lignosus laccase containing a full complement of copper ions, reveals an asymmetrical arrangement for the t3 copper pair. Lignosus rhinocerus has more than 15 medicinal uses. Physisporinus sanguinolentus gb bleeding porecrust, d rotfleckender porling, f polypore sanguinolent, nl bloedende buisjeszwam at planken wambuis ede panoramio. The disease is most important within the first 5 years of a plantation. The disease originates on roots and later spreads to collar region. An exoglucanase purified from a cellulase produced by the fungus tri choderma harziunuin was bound to colloidal gold and used for ultra. Eksplorasi dan identifikasi cendawan antagonis terhadap rigidoporus lignosus penyebab jamur akar putih pada karet. Tinjauan pustaka penyakit jamur akar putih rigidoporus. Nov 22, 2019 observations on the development of the sporophore of rigidoporus lignosus and the realease and germination of basidiospores. Cytochemical aspects of cellulose breakdown during the infection process of rubber tree roots by rigidoporus lignosus. Percentage colonization by rhizomorph of rigidoporus lignosus in drsc soaked in water and mulch, and drsc soaked in sugar solution and mulch p 0. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi cendawan antagonis terhadap r.
Three phenol oxidases, of which two are excreted byrigidoporus lignosus and one byphellinus noxius, have been isolated and purified from culture filtrates. Comparison of three fungal laccases from rigidoporus lignosus and pleurotus ostreatus. For the direct labeling of cellulosic 1,4glucans, 1,3glucans. Ultrastructural localization of chitin in cell walls of rigidoporus lignosus, the whiterot fungus of rubber tree roots michel r. In west africa, the white root rot is responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in old rubber plantations.
This research was conducted to isolate endophytic and rhizospheric microbes, and to study their ability to inhibit growth of r. The distribution of nacetylglucosamine residues in the cell wall of the whiterot pathogenic fungus, rigidoporus lignosus, was studied by using gold labelled wheatgerm agglutinin bound to ovomucoidcolloidal gold. Current methods of control of the disease include preplanting control procedures, such as mechanical or hand clearing, sulphur amendment, use of covers and intercrops. Durians are an agricultural product affected by many plant pathogens and pests. Rigidoporus ulmarius is a plant pathogen found mainly on broadleaved trees. Rigidoporus ulmarius rigiuloverview eppo global database. Based on their substrate specificities and spectral characteristics, these enzymes arepdiphenol. Knowledge of the incubation period of infectious diseases time between host infection and expression of disease symptoms is crucial to our epidemiological understanding and the design of appropriate prevention and control policies. Differentiated cells with one thin extension at least double the length of. The present cyto chemical data provide evidence for cellulose degradation in roots of rubber trees infected by r. Management of white root rot disease fomes in hevea. Pdf morphological features of rigidoporus microporus.
A cytochemical study of extracellular sheaths associated. A description is provided for rigidoporus lignosus. It is hereby certified that we have read this thesis entitled biology and control of white root disease of hevea rubber caused by rigidoporus lignosus klotzsech imazeki by expedito evarola danlag, and in our opinion it is satisfactory in. Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the. The medicinal properties recorded by ethnomycological surveys are yet to be validated scientifically. Kemampuan mikrob endofit dan rizosfer tanaman karet dalam. Laccases of rigidoporus lignosus and phellinus noxius. Purification and study of the antibiotic substances produced by lentinus squarrosulus have been carried out. Jamur basidiomycetes yang menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman yaitu. Media in category rigidoporus sanguinolentus the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Rigidoporus lignosus is the most economically important pathogen of tropical rubber tree hevea brasiliensis muell. Besides its lifestyle as a pathogen, the fungus is known to switch to saprotrophic growth on wood with the ability to degrade both lignin and cellulose. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
The use of antagonistic microbe is recommended to control this pathogen. Journal of the rubber research institute of sri lanka, 60. Yesterday, as part of our monthly aim of visiting sites across the south east of england, a halfdozen strong group of arboriculturalists made the journey to londons greenwich park myself included. Jan 24, 2014 this page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 23. After cooling, they were inoculated with a mycelial implant taken from a preculture in 2% malt extract and l%,agar. Biodegradation of hevea brasiliensis wood by rigidoporus. Molecular phylogeny of rigidoporus microporus isolates. Attack by these parasites causes the lignified root tissues of the host to decay. Aside the white root disease, other root diseases of minor importance include the brown root rot disease caused by phellinus noxius cornercunn. The enzyme was complexed to colloidal gold at ph 4. Plant diseases cause substantial damage to agricultural and arboricultural systems, but there is still very little information about how the incubation period. Research consisted of isolation of endophytic and rhizospheric microbes.
Posts about rigidoporus ulmarius written by forgottenwoods. Lignin degradation by rigidoporus lignosus involves. Causes white pocket rot on bauhinia purpurea, ceiba pentandra, ficus benghalensis, hevea brasiliensis, mangifera indica, sapindus trifoliatus, shorea robusta, syzygium cuminii, tectona grandis and toona ciliata. The incidence and severity of the root rot as it affects rubber. An rigidoporus ulmarius in uska species han fungi in nahilalakip ha divisio nga basidiomycota, ngan nga syahan ginhulagway ni james sowerby, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni rokuya imazeki hadton 1952. Rigidoporus lignosus and the structural alterations induced in wood blocks of hevea.
An rigidoporus ulmarius in nahilalakip ha genus nga rigidoporus, ngan familia nga meripilaceae. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This objective is achieved by doing the comparison study at different culture medium and the optimum growth conditions. Pdf molecular phylogeny of rigidoporus microporus isolates. On hevea and over 40 other tropical genera icluding cacao, coconut, coffee, tea and bamboo.
Then, the root penetration and rotting process begin. One of the most soughtafter species used for this purpose is the wild tigers milk mushroom lignosus rhinocerus, which comes from the. Localization of chitin in rigidoporus lignosus cell walls 41 7 preparalion of samples for elecfron microscopy infected roots were fixed in toto, for 1 h, in 3 yo glutaraldehyde vv em grade, sigma chemical co. Corticium salmonicolor upasia salmonicolor penyebab penyakit upas pada banyak tanaman tahunan, exobasidium vexans penyebab penyakit cacar daun teh, hemileia vastatrix penyebab penyakit karat daun kopi, puccinia sorghi penyebab penyakit karat sorgum, rigidoporus lignosus.
Soilinhabiting fungi, including pathogenic ones such as r. Cytological evidence of an active role of silicon in wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the most valuable part of l. A cytochemical study extracellular sheathsassociated. Many studies have focused on the improvement of the enzyme activity of laccase via protein engineering approaches, such as random mutation, site. The saprotrophic wooddegrading abilities of 1 introduction rigidoporus microporus polyporales, basidiomycota syn. The varied concentrations of the extracts at the rates of 5, 20, 60 and 100 gl1 impacted levelsof inhibition on the root pathogens. Forestry canada, quebec region, 1055 du peps, gi v 4c7 saintefoy3 quebec, canada. The inoculated microporus and phellinus noxius are known to be bags were then incubated in the dark at 28 pathogenic and destructive to trees in the tropics. Modeling rubber tree root disease epidemics with a markov. They are sent to a computer by website operators or third parties.
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